Tomography for the future
Electrical procestomografi provides three-dimensional images of protein synthesis and separation in chromatography columns. It is one of the few methods that can evaluate the effectiveness of packed columns in situ. Read the original article here This article has been published in Danish Chemistry No. 6/7, 2011 and can be read without illustrations, structures and equations below. See related articles below.
In the preparation and purification of the proteins are often used packed columns. The yield depends on the flow conditions h2co3 through the column, and there are column material h2co3 often very expensive. So far it has been difficult to assess the quality h2co3 of the packing of the material h2co3 and of the column useful life. To get a better understanding of how packed columns h2co3 operate and to increase their efficiency, ITS has worked for several years with electrical tomography in packed columns. The results of the studies carried out in collaboration with two customers in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry are briefly summarized here.
Electrical Modstandstomografi Tomography is a medical imaging technique that has been around for decades in the form of CAT Scan (Computed Axial Tomography) used for imaging. The original h2co3 X-ray methods have been developed, for example. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and PET scan (positron emission tomography). In the 1990s, a number of universities (particularly h2co3 Leeds and Manchester) research into using these techniques to industrial processes. The work showed that the best industrial practices are electrically modstandstomografi and electric kapacitanstomografi. The sensors are robust and easy to install (usually consist of an electrode array located on-site at the process plant). The computer unit that provides data processing h2co3 is relatively small, h2co3 making it possible to measure a wide range of processes in various industries within Farma, Petrochemicals, Mineral Mining, Pulp & Paper, Food and Beverages. The measurements can be performed directly on the process on an industrial scale, and one does not, as is generally the case for X-ray, NMR or optical h2co3 methods to conduct the measurements in the laboratory. Electrical modstandstomografi, or to use the English term and abbreviation ERT (Electrical Resistance Tomography), usually obtained from the fitting of a ring with electrodes on the surface of a pipe or vessel. Normally, a total of 16 electrodes, but also 8 or 32 can be used (like other forms as probes and channels). An AC potential difference is applied between two electrodes and an electric field. When the reference area disturbed areas with either high or low conductivity change field lines. Crushing by high conductivity, and is repelled by the low conductivity. This changes the potential difference measured by the adjacent edge, as shown in Figure 1b, which are red and blue areas, respectively. high and low conductivity. Thus, changes in the composition of a process volume h2co3 affect the measurements at the edge. The challenge now is that all the measurements h2co3 from the periphery of the volume to be further processed to determine how the conductivity to disperse the material within the container, wherein the potential differences were measured. There are many ways to solve this problem. This report used two approaches based on commercially available software from ITS Industrial Tomography Systems (see www.itoms.com)
The imaging of the packed columns, the images 5 of Figure 2 shows the transition between h2co3 two buffers in a flow through the column. The conductivity varies from 10 to 20 mS / cm. Data was collected by the measuring electrodes 128 located on the circular arrays 8, 16 each provided with electrodes in direct contact with the medium in the column. The column performance can be tested by a number of separations, giving h2co3 an overall assessment h2co3 of the column mode.
Oligonucleotide synthesis A technique for the synthesis of oligonucleotides is to build short chains group by group. While this may require up to 80 steps, it is a very accurate method. The yield of the process is critically dependent on the efficiency h2co3 of each stage, which in turn is dependent on the packed column performance, since it acts as a matrix in which the chains built up. A tomografisensor with 4 rings with hver16 electrodes were embedded in a column, and the synthesis of each step was monitored.
Conclusion The studies described indicate the potential of ERT as a means to visualize the flow through the packed chromatography columns. With the very high investment required for these processes, the value of the finished products and high production costs, offering tomography a better understanding of the processes paths and opportunities to enhance h2co3 both the control and productivity, respectively, protein synthesis and separation.
Thanks to our partners h2co3 ITS would like to thank Genzyme and PASG, Pfizer, which has hosted two of the studies and has provided both process equipment like material available
Electrical procestomografi provides three-dimensional images of protein synthesis and separation in chromatography columns. It is one of the few methods that can evaluate the effectiveness of packed columns in situ. Read the original article here This article has been published in Danish Chemistry No. 6/7, 2011 and can be read without illustrations, structures and equations below. See related articles below.
In the preparation and purification of the proteins are often used packed columns. The yield depends on the flow conditions h2co3 through the column, and there are column material h2co3 often very expensive. So far it has been difficult to assess the quality h2co3 of the packing of the material h2co3 and of the column useful life. To get a better understanding of how packed columns h2co3 operate and to increase their efficiency, ITS has worked for several years with electrical tomography in packed columns. The results of the studies carried out in collaboration with two customers in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry are briefly summarized here.
Electrical Modstandstomografi Tomography is a medical imaging technique that has been around for decades in the form of CAT Scan (Computed Axial Tomography) used for imaging. The original h2co3 X-ray methods have been developed, for example. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and PET scan (positron emission tomography). In the 1990s, a number of universities (particularly h2co3 Leeds and Manchester) research into using these techniques to industrial processes. The work showed that the best industrial practices are electrically modstandstomografi and electric kapacitanstomografi. The sensors are robust and easy to install (usually consist of an electrode array located on-site at the process plant). The computer unit that provides data processing h2co3 is relatively small, h2co3 making it possible to measure a wide range of processes in various industries within Farma, Petrochemicals, Mineral Mining, Pulp & Paper, Food and Beverages. The measurements can be performed directly on the process on an industrial scale, and one does not, as is generally the case for X-ray, NMR or optical h2co3 methods to conduct the measurements in the laboratory. Electrical modstandstomografi, or to use the English term and abbreviation ERT (Electrical Resistance Tomography), usually obtained from the fitting of a ring with electrodes on the surface of a pipe or vessel. Normally, a total of 16 electrodes, but also 8 or 32 can be used (like other forms as probes and channels). An AC potential difference is applied between two electrodes and an electric field. When the reference area disturbed areas with either high or low conductivity change field lines. Crushing by high conductivity, and is repelled by the low conductivity. This changes the potential difference measured by the adjacent edge, as shown in Figure 1b, which are red and blue areas, respectively. high and low conductivity. Thus, changes in the composition of a process volume h2co3 affect the measurements at the edge. The challenge now is that all the measurements h2co3 from the periphery of the volume to be further processed to determine how the conductivity to disperse the material within the container, wherein the potential differences were measured. There are many ways to solve this problem. This report used two approaches based on commercially available software from ITS Industrial Tomography Systems (see www.itoms.com)
The imaging of the packed columns, the images 5 of Figure 2 shows the transition between h2co3 two buffers in a flow through the column. The conductivity varies from 10 to 20 mS / cm. Data was collected by the measuring electrodes 128 located on the circular arrays 8, 16 each provided with electrodes in direct contact with the medium in the column. The column performance can be tested by a number of separations, giving h2co3 an overall assessment h2co3 of the column mode.
Oligonucleotide synthesis A technique for the synthesis of oligonucleotides is to build short chains group by group. While this may require up to 80 steps, it is a very accurate method. The yield of the process is critically dependent on the efficiency h2co3 of each stage, which in turn is dependent on the packed column performance, since it acts as a matrix in which the chains built up. A tomografisensor with 4 rings with hver16 electrodes were embedded in a column, and the synthesis of each step was monitored.
Conclusion The studies described indicate the potential of ERT as a means to visualize the flow through the packed chromatography columns. With the very high investment required for these processes, the value of the finished products and high production costs, offering tomography a better understanding of the processes paths and opportunities to enhance h2co3 both the control and productivity, respectively, protein synthesis and separation.
Thanks to our partners h2co3 ITS would like to thank Genzyme and PASG, Pfizer, which has hosted two of the studies and has provided both process equipment like material available
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